Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Potential of Organic Extracts of the Leaves and Flowers of Lippia multiflora Mold from Burkina Faso
Mohammad OUEDRAOGO *
Laboratoire de Chimie et des Energies Renouvelables (LaCER), Université Nazi BONI, Bobo Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso.
Arouna GANAME
Laboratoire de Chimie et des Energies Renouvelables (LaCER), Université Nazi BONI, Bobo Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso and Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Madou SIBIRI
Laboratoire de Chimie et des Energies Renouvelables (LaCER), Université Nazi BONI, Bobo Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso.
Abdoul Rasmané SAWADOGO
Laboratoire de Chimie et des Energies Renouvelables (LaCER), Université Nazi BONI, Bobo Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso.
Tatiafa DA
Laboratoire de Chimie et des Energies Renouvelables (LaCER), Université Nazi BONI, Bobo Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso.
Momouni OUEDRAOGO
Laboratoire de Chimie et des Energies Renouvelables (LaCER), Université Nazi BONI, Bobo Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso.
Emmanuel TRAORE
Laboratoire de Chimie et des Energies Renouvelables (LaCER), Université Nazi BONI, Bobo Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso.
Bily NEBIE
Laboratoire de Chimie et des Energies Renouvelables (LaCER), Université Nazi BONI, Bobo Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso.
Siaka SOSSO
Laboratoire de Chimie et des Energies Renouvelables (LaCER), Université Nazi BONI, Bobo Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso.
Rémy K. BATIONO
Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso and Département Substances Naturelles, IRSAT/CNRST, Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7023 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Constantin Maniénou DABIRE
Laboratoire de Chimie et des Energies Renouvelables (LaCER), Université Nazi BONI, Bobo Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso.
Roger Honorat Charles NEBIE
Département Substances Naturelles, IRSAT/CNRST, Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7023 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Lippia multiflora Moldenke (Mold) is a plant belonging to the Verbenaceae family and is widely used for its therapeutic properties in traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of organic extracts from its leaves and flowers. The extracts were obtained by maceration using solvents of increasing polarity. Phytochemical screening was carried out by Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and test-tube assays. Total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoids (TF), and condensed tannins (TC) were measured using colorimetric methods employing Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminium trichloride, and sulfuric vanillin, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH• and ABTS+• radical scavenging methods.
In the leaves, the TPC were 842.40 ± 10.69 μg GAE/mg of dry extract, compared to 870.23 ± 2.41 μg GAE/mg of dry extract in the flowers, for the dichloromethane extracts. Total flavonoid content was 202.78 ± 0.43 μg QE/mg of extract in the ethyl acetate leaf extract versus to 206.05 ± 2.09 μg QE/mg of dry extract of the same solvent in the flowers. Concerning condensed tannins, the content was 333.13 ± 10.91 mg TA/g of dry extract in the methanolic flower extract compared to 525.67 ± 6.46 mg TA/g of dry extract in the ethyl acetate leaf extract.
The IC50 values of the methanol extracts were 57.465 ± 0.28 μg/ml and 65.473 ± 2.44 μg/ml for flowers and leaves, respectively, compared to 16.585 ± 0.474 for ascorbic acid using the DPPH method. Using the ABTS method, the ethyl acetate extracts of flowers and leaves showed IC50 values of 37.349 ± 0.301 μg/ml and 39.173 ± 0.390 μg/ml, respectively, compared to 10.864 ± 0.029 μg/ml for ascorbic acid. The flowers were found to be richer in secondary metabolites and antioxidants than leaves, which are nevertheless more commonly used.
Keywords: Lippia multiflora, phytochemical screening, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, condensed tannins, antioxidant activity