Dominance of β-Caryophyllene and Its Epoxidized Derivatives in the Leaf Essential Oil of Uvaria chamae from Côte d’Ivoire: Analysis by GC–MS and ¹³C NMR
Bamba Souleymane *
Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, UFR Environment, Jean Lorougnon GUEDE University, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire.
Ouattara Logopho Hyacinthe
Organic Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Mathematics-Physics-Chemistry, UFR Biological Sciences, Peleforo GON COULIBALY University, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire.
Atsain-Allangba Marie Rosine
Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry and Natural Substances, UFR SFA, Nangui ABROGOUA University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
Oussou Kouamé Raphaël
Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, UFR Environment, Jean Lorougnon GUEDE University, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire.
Katou Yapo Séverin
Department of Science and Technology, UFR Medical Sciences, Alassane OUATTARA University, 01 BPV 18 Bouaké 01, Côte d’Ivoire.
Gué Lieuné Alexis
Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry and Natural Substances, UFR SFA, Nangui ABROGOUA University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The essential oil from the leaves of Uvaria chamae, collected in Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire), was extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus, affording a yield of 0.062 ± 0.001%. Comprehensive chemical profiling by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), further supported by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR), led to the identification of 65 compounds representing 99.29% of the oil. The oil was overwhelmingly dominated by sesquiterpenes (over 77%), particularly β-caryophyllene (12.38%), β-caryophyllene oxide (17.97%), and α-copaene epoxide (13.92%). Minor constituents included monoterpenes, esters, alcohols, and trace levels of aldehydes and ketones (<2%). This study highlights the predominance of oxygenated sesquiterpenes as chemical markers of U. chamae leaf essential oil from Côte d’Ivoire.
Keywords: Essential oil, sesquiterpenes, GC–MS, ¹³C NMR, Uvaria chamae, Côte d’Ivoire